Vibrations and oscillations: key to the clocks!

• Early clocks:

- motion of the heavens: Sun, Moon, stars

- flow of substance: water, sand

• pendulum clocks:

- Christian Huygens, 1656

• spring clocks:

- John Harrison, 1756

• today’s instruments:

-electronic clocks (electronic oscillators)

-atomic clocks --> using the frequency of atomic transitions

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